The+Mongols

-**The Mongol Empire conquered more land than the Roman Empire ever did. And the Roman Empire is so well known, we sometimes forget about the Mongols.
 * ​1. Why I should care?

3. **Important topics:** -Largest land empire in history -The Mongols- pastoral people from Mongolia -Gunpowder- when the Mongols encountered the Song dynasty they saw gunpowder, with this the first fire-lance took place.
 * 2. Key terms:**
 * porcelain- perfected by Tang artisans, a ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures.
 * neo-Confucianism- served as a COnfucian response to Buddhism and Daoism.
 * Khanates: separate territories ruled by heirs of Khan
 * mosques-muslims houses of worship
 * Zamindars-They were local officials that kept the portion of taxes paid by the peasants in lieu of a salary.
 * Steps to the developing gunpoweder weapons:**
 * 1) People finding the correct materials
 * 2) People experimenting
 * 3) Then, the weapn were actually used because no one else had them.

-Monoglians were thought of as people who believed in nothing. __Tang Dynasty__ __Sui Dynasty__ __Song Dynasty__
 * 618-907
 * Stabilized economy by giving land to peasants and breaking up large estates
 * Civil Service Examinations
 * Took Tibet, Korea Tribe
 * began the great age of Chinese Literature
 * Landscape paintings, cermics, and porcelains became popular during this dynasty
 * made literature more popular
 * Han fall in 220
 * Sui new empire in 581
 * 581-618
 * Sui Yangdi
 * Second emperor
 * built Grand Canal
 * Forced Labor
 * high taxes
 * murdered & end empire
 * 960-1279
 * Economic & Cultural prosperity
 * Hangzhou made imperial court because of threats to the north

__Common Themes__
 * Farming Society
 * Peasant troubles vs. large landowners
 * Steel
 * Cotton
 * Gunpowder
 * Silk road
 * city life
 * cards, chess, block printing
 * Rual life never leave
 * Scholar-gentry-political economic elite
 * Women and dowry
 * Wuzhao- Women Emperor


 * 4. Key actors:**
 * Zhu Yuanzhang- the son of a peasant, who put together an army, and ended the Mongol dynasty, set up the Ming dynasty.
 * Li Bo- one of the most famous poets during the Tang era. Very free spirited man,
 * Du Fu- one of the other famous poets during the Tang era. A serious Confucian.
 * Temujin- born in the 1160s, gradually unified the Mongols, later known as Genghis Khan
 * Genghis Khan- unified the Mongol people
 * Kublai Khan- grandson of Genghis Khan and ruled china
 * Sui Yangd: Second emperor of the Sui Dynasty. Build the Grand Canal
 * Akbar-Baburs grandson- he was only 14 when he took the throne, and he was also intelligent and industrious.


 * 1206 C.E Genghis Khan united clans and unified Mongol people.
 * 1227 Genghis Khan dies
 * 1231 attacked Persia
 * 1258 attacked Baghdad
 * 1260s the Mongol forces attacked the Song dynasty
 * 1279 Kublai Khan, completed the conquest of the Song and established a new Chinese dynasty, the Yuan
 * 1368 Mongol dynasty ended, Ming dynasty started