Persian+and+Greece+Study+guide


 * 1. Why I should care?**

2. Philosophy- an organized system of thought 3. Ephors: group of five men, that were elected and responsible for the education of the youth and the conduct of all citizens. 4. Rituals: are ceremonies or rites. 5. Hoplites- heavily armed infantry soldiers. 6.Oligarchy-rule bye the few 7. Democracy-government by the people or rule of the many 8.Ostracism- the process for temporarily banning politicians from the city by popular vote. 9.Satrpies- provinces that the Persian empire was divided into 10. Satraps- a governor that ruled each province
 * 2. Key terms:**
 * 1) Oracle: a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future through a priest or priestess.


 * 3. Important topics:**

//1. Religion//: //2. Culture of Greece// //3. Collapse of Mycenean Civilization//
 * Greek Religion
 * 12 major gods and goddesses brought to live on Mt. Olympus. Temples were built in all the cities for these gods. People believed that they could win favor by sacrificing and and praying to these gods. Zeus was the Chief God of Greek religion.
 * Persian Religion
 * Zoroaster
 * Teachings in the book of Zenda Avesta
 * Sculpture
 * Drama
 * Comedy
 * Writing and History

- infighting among empire - natural disasters - fall in 1100 BC to new Greeks

//4. Dark Age// - lack of farming - unable to support population - some people sail to Ionia

//5. Greek Philosophy//- Organized system of thoughts(love of wisdom)
 * Socrates: thought the goal of education was only to improve the individual.
 * Socratic Method: Question and answer came from the students
 * Sophists: group of traveling teachers, urged students to debate, thought true wisdom was the ability to perceive & pursue one's own good. They believed the universe couldn't be understood by the human mind.
 * Plato: Believed there was a world of eternal unchanging forms, that could only be seen by the trained mind. He questioned what "real" was. He came up with three classes of people, Upper class of Philosophers, Group of warriors, and the last group was everyone else driven by desire not wisdom.
 * Aristotle: Happiness came form living life with virtue, and a midpoint between extreme behaviors. He believed in a constitutional government.
 * Method: observation and then investigation
 * ex. Glue a penny to the ground and watch how many people try to pick it up.
 * Pythagoras: Believed in the essence of nature found in music and numbers.
 * Cleisthenes- supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury, and proposed laws.Created foundation for Atheninian Democracy.

6.

1) Herodotus: wrote about the Persian wars, his writings were the first real history of civilizations. 2) Thucydides: Athenian General who wrote history, attributed worldly actions to mand and not just god. 3) Solon: gained full power of Athens, after the crisis of 594 B.C. 4) Alexander the Great: was only 20 years old when he became the king of Macedonia. 5) Darius: Created world's largest empire (at the time). Added province in western India and Thrace. Tried to invade Greece. 6) Xerxes: Son of Darius. Sought revenge against Greeks. 7)Pythagoras: taught that the essence of the universe could be found in music and numbers 8) Homer: wrote famous greek stories. 9) Philip II: built a powerful army, and united all of Greece after the battle of Chaeronea. He was Alexander the Great's father. 10) Pericles: a nt figure in Athenian politics between 461 and 429 BC. This period was known as Age of Pericles, the classical Athenian and Greek history period. 11)Cyrus: created a powerful Persian tate that stretched from Asia Minor to India
 * 4. Key actors:**
 * Famous poems- Illiad and the Odyssey.. Troy?

1600 - 1100 BC Mycenaen, the first Greek state is set up 559 - 530 BC Cyrus rule Persia 521 - 486 BC Darius rules Persia. Sets up satrapies **
 * 5. Timeline