Enlightenment


 * 1. Why I should care?

-** This was a time that helped enhance our views on our philosophies. It was changed the way the goverment was ran.


 * 2. Key terms:**
 * **salons:** elegant drawing rooms of the wealthy upper class's great urban houses
 * **social contract:** entire society agrees to be governed by its general will
 * **indulgence:**release from all or part of the punishment for a sin
 * **Salvation:** acceptance into heaven
 * **deism:** an eighteenth-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law.
 * **laissez-faire:** it means to let people do what they want.
 * **Enlightenment Absolutism-** The rulers tried to govern by the enlightenment principals while maintaing their royal pwoers.
 * **Serperation of Powers-**The excutive, legislative, and judical powers of the goverment limit and control each other in a system of checks and balances.
 * **Rationalism-** A system of of thought is based on the belief that reason is the cheif source of knowledge.
 * **Geocentric-** earth is the center of the universe
 * **Heliocentric-** The sun was now the center.
 * **Universal law of Gravitation-** This law explained why the planitary bodies continued their ellipticle orbits about the sun.


 * 3. Important topics:**

__Roots of the Enlightenment:__
 * 1) Renaissance
 * 2) Reformation
 * 3) Scienfic Revolution

[|Thomas hobbes]**
 * 4. Key actors:
 * Believed religion should be separate from politics
 * people are naturally greedy
 * took great interest in math, physics, and the contemporary rationalism.
 * he was friendly with many learned men.

1543- Copernicus publishes his propsal of a sun centered universe 1633- Galileo's teachings are condemned by the church 1756- The Seven Years' War beings
 * [|John Locke]**
 * Felt all people were selfish
 * Beileved that all people were born good and were given natural rights by God
 * went to Holland for several years.
 * he studied medicine
 * believed that the mind was born blank.
 * based his ethical theories upon belief in the natural goodness of humanity
 * Cesare Beccaria**
 * Believed people who were accused of a crime should have rights
 * Believed education would reduce the crime rate
 * There should be no death penalty
 * He beleived that torture was wrong
 * The accussed should have a fair and speedy trial
 * The punishment should be that same for anyone with the same crime
 * [|Benjamin Franklin]**
 * Believed in a government that had a single legislature with an advisory board
 * Felt that slavery was morally wrong
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseay**
 * Believed individuals should have certain rights
 * Felt that if a majority of people want a law, it may become one
 * Believed children need to show emotion to becom freethinking indiviuals
 * He was against absolute power in the church and/or government
 * Felt that education needed to be changed
 * Thomas Jefferson**
 * Felt that people should make the right choices when given the chance
 * Felt Individual rights should be protected by the government
 * Believed everyone should be able to earn an education
 * Felt the government should not have too much power
 * All people should be a part of making the country's decisions
 * Voltaire**
 * Believed all things need to be explained
 * Against any religion that was too strict
 * Believed in respect for the individual
 * Fought for the freedom of thought
 * Fought against intolerance,tyranny, and superstition
 * Baron de Montesquieu**
 * Believed in limiting power to the king
 * Believe the goverment should be problem into different section, each with a seperate power
 * He said that each branch should have some control over another
 * Mary Wollstonecraft**
 * Believe that women deserved rights
 * Fought for inequality in education
 * Believe in equality treatment (Judgement shouldn't be based on gender)
 * The wives should get equal treatment as the husband
 * Believed that there should be equal treatment for women
 * Adam Smith**
 * Free enterprize
 * Charity is good but the people shouldn't depend on it
 * Believed that self interest guides the use of resources
 * Father Hidalgo**
 * Freed Mexico from the harsh rule of foreigners
 * Simon Bolivar**
 * Believed in a strong central goverment
 * Believed the goverment should be divided amoung branches
 * Believe that you should be educated in order to vote
 * Denis Diderot**
 * 1713-84
 * He became a writer and he studied and read in many subjects and languages.
 * He was also a novelist, satirist, and dramatist.
 * Diderot was enormously influential in shaping the rationalistic spirit of the 18th century.
 * 5. Timeline:**