Crisis+&+Absolutism


 * 1. Why I should care?

2. Key terms:**
 * **militant**-combative
 * **armada-**fleet of warships
 * **Huguenots**- French Protestans influence by John Calvin
 * **[|Edict of Nantes]-** hope to solve the religious problems
 * **Inflation**- rising prices
 * **witchcraft**-magic
 * **divine right of kings**-the belief that the power to be king came from God
 * **Cavaliers**- Royalists forces
 * **Roundheads**- the Parliamentary forces
 * **Absolutism-[|absolutism examples]-**system in which a ruler holds total power
 * **czar**-the Russian word for caesar
 * **puritans**-protestants in England inspired by Calvinist ideas
 * **boyars**-the power of Russian nobility that Ivan IV destroyed.
 * **Saint Petersburg**- Peter the Great constructed this new city on the Baltic in 1703. This was land sought after from long wars with Sweden.
 * **Natural rights-** Rights with which they were born with
 * **Mannerism-** The reformations revival of religious values.

> of the Parliament became the ruler, but no one really liked him. > as their new ruler (Charles' son). > because he was a Catholic. > Revolution" because they limited monarchy and the signed the English Bill of Rights.
 * 3. Important topic:**
 * Absolutism failed in Britian because the Parliament could never agree with the King of that time.
 * King Charles had a war with Parliament, but he lost.
 * Also, his head got chopped off. Then the leader
 * They then restored Charles the 2nd
 * When he died his brother James came to rule.
 * But he got kicked out
 * Then lastly, they had William and Mary.
 * Their time was called the "Glorious

1) absolutism fails in England 2) England becomes the 1st true monarchy 3) no internal conflict in England for the future 4) in order to be a king then, you needed to get your rule from God and havea government.
 * Main Ideas**


 * 4. Key actors:**
 * **King Philip II-**greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century
 * **William the Silent** - the prince of Orange and leader of the Dutch
 * **Elizabeth**- ascended the English throne in 1558
 * **Henry of Navarre**-the Huguenot political leader
 * **James I**- the king of England
 * **Charles I**- son of James I, believed in divine right of kings
 * **Oliver Cromwell** - a military genius. Leader of the Roundheads or the Parliament side in the England's civil war. He eventually became king and ruled until his death in 1658. He set up a military dictatorship.
 * **James II**- became king in 1685 after Charles died
 * **[|Louis XIV]**- [|Louis XIV] - also known as the "sun king" -his reign was regarded as the best example of absolutism in hte 17 century
 * **Cardinal Richelieu**-Louis XIII's chief minister, strengthened the monarchy's power. He took away the Huguenots politcal and military rights, because they were seen as a threat to the king.
 * **Cardinal Mazarin** - chief minister who took control of the government and crushed a revolt led by nobles. This was when Louis XIV came to the throne in 1643. Louis XIV was only four years old.
 * **Frederick William the Great Elector**-laid the foundation for the Prussian state
 * **Ivan IV**- became the first ruler to take the title of czar. He also was known as Ivan the Terrible because of his ruthless deeds, among them was stabbing his own son to death in an argument.
 * **Michael Romanov** - choose as the new czar in 1613
 * **Peter the Great** - Of the Romanov dynasty Peter the Great was one of the most prominent members, became czar in 1689
 * **Stuarts-** Queen Elizabeths cousins who ruled because she had no children of her own.
 * **Peter the Great**- He became czar in 1689


 * 5. Timeline:**
 * 1603-1625 Queen Elizabeths cousins the Stuarts ruled, not very popular.
 * 1613-1917 Romanov dynasty ruled Russia
 * 1689-1725 Peter the Great ruled Russia
 * 1643-1715 Louis XIV ruled France
 * 1649-1658 Oliver Cromwell ruled England